I was recently involved in a conversation with several people at the gym. Some of these peolple had been exercising for many years and knew quite a bit about exercise. As the conversation shifted to basic nutrition I was shocked as to how little most of them knew.
The truth is that the biggest health gains can be made through changing what you eat.
When it comes to our health, a nutritious diet is of the utmost importance. Our very existence relies on the nutrients we absorb from our food.
The actual functions of the body are very complex and the nutritional requirements that are needed to maintain these functions are just as complex but with a fundamental understanding of what is happening you can begin to take control of your eating habits.

Fruits and Vegetables are packed with goodness
Macronutrients
Macronutrients are nutrients that the body requires in relatively large amounts. They include Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins.
The body’s preferred fuel source is Carbohydrates, next Fats then Proteins. Fats and Proteins are primarily used to build tissues and cells within the body. The body prefers to source its energy from Carbohydrates so that the Fats and Proteins consumed in the diet can be reserved for that purpose.
All have an energy value known as Calories or Kilojoules.
1 gram of each has the following energy values:
Macronutrient
Carbohydrate 4 Calories, 16.7 Kilojoules
Fat 9 Calories, 37.7 Kilojoules
Protein 4 Calories, 16.7 Kilojoules
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred fuel source. There are two different types, Simple Carbohydrates and Complex Carbohydrates. Both are used as energy for the body.
Simple Carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates are easily absorbed by the body and quickly converted into energy. More commonly known as sugars, they are found in whole foods like fruit and some vegetables and refined food products like:
Cake 
Soft drinks
Candy
Chocolate
Fruit Juice
Table Sugar
The problem with these refined foods is that because they contain little nutrition, the sugars are easily and quickly absorbed by the body.
This can lead to problems associated with over production of insulin which we will talk more about later.
Fruits and some vegetables contain simple carbohydrates, but they do not have the same effect on insulin production.
This is because they are considered ‘whole’ foods which mean that they contain many other nutrients like vitamins, minerals and fibre so the body will absorb the carbohydrates at a more even pace.
These foods will provide you with a continual energy release as opposed to sweet junk food that will give you a quick burst of energy and then leave you feeling flat.
Complex Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates take longer for the body to convert into energy and therefore provide the body with a more sustained energy release. They are found in foods like vegetables (especially those of the green, leafy variety) and whole grains.
Fats
Fats have many important functions within the human body including helping to maintain a healthy brain and vision and providing protection and insulation for the organs.
Some fats are essential and some fats are not.
It is important to know the differences and also the amounts of the different fats that you consume.
Saturated Fats ‘Bad Fats’
Saturated Fats are found in foods like red meat, poultry skin, milk, cheese, butter, cream and ‘Tropical Fats’ like coconut oil, and palm kernel oils. These fats are usually solid at room temperature.
Excess consumption of Saturated Fats is a major contributor to elevated blood cholesterol levels.
Monounsaturated Fats ‘Good Fats’
Monounsaturated Fats are found in foods like olives, olive oil, peanuts, and avocados. They are usually liquid at room temperature.
Consuming Monounsaturated Fats can help to lower blood cholesterol levels.
Omega 9 Fatty Acids are considered Monounsaturated Fats.
Polyunsaturated Fats ‘Good Fats’
Polyunsaturated Fats are found in foods like fish, seafood, flaxseeds and sunflower seeds. These fats are usually liquid at room temperature. Consuming Polyunsaturated Fats can help to lower blood cholesterol levels.
Both Omega 3 and 6 Essential Fatty Acids are considered Polyunsaturated Fats.
Protein
Protein is needed by every cell within the body in order to function. Some proteins are necessary for metabolism, while others are needed for processes like immune response and cell signalling. Protein is also needed by the body to build and repair tissues like muscle and tendons as well as the skin, hair and organs.
Protein is made up of chains of Amino Acids and these Amino Acids can be categorized as either essential or non essential. If an amino acid is considered to be essential it means that it cannot be made by the body and so it must be consumed in the diet.

Eggs are an excellent source of Protein
Micronutrients
Micronutrients are nutrients that need to be consumed in relatively small amounts. Despite the fact that some minerals like Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium are required in fairly large quantities all vitamins and minerals usually fall into this category.
I hope this provides you with some useful information and aids you in your quest for better health and fitness. I’d love to hear what you think…post a comment and let me know…